{"id":434,"date":"2020-06-26T00:48:14","date_gmt":"2020-06-25T22:48:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/?page_id=434"},"modified":"2025-08-06T16:13:02","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T14:13:02","slug":"classification-phylogenetique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/","title":{"rendered":"Phylogenetic classification"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"background-color: #f0f0f2; padding: 20px 20px 0px 20px; border-radius: 10px;\">\r\n<p>The Chinese call it the \u201ccat-bear\u201d, the English the \u201cfirefox\u201d, or the \u201cHimalayan raccoon\u201d. The scientists who discovered it in 1825 named it \u00abAilurus\u00bb, a Latin term derived from the Greek \u00abAiluros\u00bb, which means a cat.<br \/><br \/>No wonder the red panda has remained so enigmatic all these years! Who is its closest relative? The cat, the fox, the raccoon? Or perhaps the giant panda?<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-right-text counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Sommaire<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2 translation-block'>Red panda: Closer to the giant panda or the raccoon?<\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/#Approche_morphologique\" >Morphological approach<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/#Approche_historique\" >Historic approach<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/#Approche_moleculaire\" >Molecular approach<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\">Red panda: Closer to the giant panda or the raccoon?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-434 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/img_2308\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2308-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Panda-roux\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-3904\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2308-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2308-100x100.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2308-50x50.jpeg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-3904'>\n\t\t\t\tRed panda\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/img_2311\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2311-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Renard-roux\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-3905\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2311-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2311-100x100.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2311-50x50.jpeg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-3905'>\n\t\t\t\tRed fox\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/img_2309\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2309-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Raton-laveur\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-3906\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2309-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2309-100x100.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2309-50x50.jpeg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-3906'>\n\t\t\t\tRaton-Laveur\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/img_2310\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2310-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Panda-g\u00e9ant\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-3907\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2310-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2310-100x100.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2310-50x50.jpeg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-3907'>\n\t\t\t\tPanda G\u00e9ant\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<p>To help us answer this question, we interviewed St\u00e9phane Peign\u00e9, the deputy director of the Centre for Research on Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. Mr. Peign\u00e9 holds a PhD in Systematics and Evolution of Paleogene Feliform in Eurasia. He has been a researcher at the National Scientific Research Centre (CNRS) since 2003, and has worked at the National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) since 2007.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Approche_morphologique\"><\/span><strong>Morphological approach<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The small panda was first described by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Cuvier in 1825. Consequently, its systematic position has not ceased to pose questions among the scientific community. Depending on the morphological criteria studied, the red panda looks more like a mustelid (otter), a procyonid (raccoon) or a viverrid (civet), depending on the general morphology of the body, the color, the length of the snout, the dentition, or the legs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-434 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/img_2312\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2312-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Loutre\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-3912\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2312-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2312-100x100.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2312-50x50.jpeg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-3912'>\n\t\t\t\tOtter\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/img_2313\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2313-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Civette\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-3913\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2313-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2313-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2313-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-3913'>\n\t\t\t\tCivet\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<p>In 1843, Gray was the first to use the term \"ailuridae,\" which he understood as a subfamily. In Gray's classification, the Carnivora are divided into two groups, one comprising the Felidae (cats), Hyaenidae (hyenas), Viverrids, Canidae (wolves), and Mustelids; the other comprising the Ailuridae, Procyonidae, and Ursidae (bears). However, the term \"ailuridae\" would not be used again until the late 20th century.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\" translation-block\">Until the mid-1960s, the majority of studies placed the genus Ailurus among the procyonids, or described them as cousins. The morphological criteria used are: dentition, skull, general anatomy, skull base, genetics and ecological evidence.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-434 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/img_2314\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2314-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Crane-panda-roux\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-3917\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2314-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2314-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2314-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-3917'>\n\t\t\t\tCr\u00e2ne de Panda Roux\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/img_2315\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2315-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Crane-raton-laveur\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-3918\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2315-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2315-100x100.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2315-50x50.jpeg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-3918'>\n\t\t\t\tCr\u00e2ne de Raton-Laveur\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/img_2316\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2316-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"crane-ours\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-3919\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2316-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2316-100x100.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2316-50x50.jpeg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-3919'>\n\t\t\t\tCr\u00e2ne d\u2019Ours\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<p>But most of these traits are irrelevant, because they may result from intraspecific variation, for example, or be too general. For example, consider the number of molars on each mandible: bears have three, while red pandas only have two...<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>It is also important to know that the first studies only compared a few taxa with each other. In 1964, Davis, who was then studying the giant panda, carried out a more exhaustive comparison, this time with a number of other Carnivora species. The result of his study was that the giant panda was part of the Ursidae family, with a herbivorous dietary specialization; Davis made another observation: the red panda was different from the giant panda and was not a Ursidae. From the late 1980s, scientists included more Carnivora in their studies, thus making it possible to refine the systematic classification.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Approche_historique\"><\/span><strong>Historic approach<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\" translation-block\">We now know that the family of ailuridae comprises nine genera, and twenty-six species, almost all fossils. The only species still alive is Ailurus fulgens, the red panda. But it has not been easy to determine the systematic position of all these species because scientists sometimes have little material to carry out their research (skeletons often incomplete). Thus the origin of the family is still to be determined, but the oldest ailurid found would be dated to 28 million years, at the end of the oligocene era. This is Amphictis. All Amphictis skeletons have been discovered in Europe, which determines the cradle of the family in this region. Then ancestors of the red panda would have migrated to Asia and North America. The genus Ailurus appears in China in the middle of the Pleistocene period.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\" translation-block\">Taking all of these fossils into account has established a close relationship between these species, with 31 significant morphological characters (related to the skull, mandible, dentition, and a modified wrist bone, also known as \u201cfake thumb\u201d)., thus classifying them in a very special family, that of the ailuridae. But not all ailuridae are alike! The species of the genus Simocyon, for example, appeared 9 million years ago, at the end of the Miocene era, were the size of a puma, and carnivorous, unlike the red panda, which feeds on bamboo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_3921\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3921\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2317.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3921 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2317-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"Simocyon-batalleri\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" align=\"aligncenter\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2317-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2317-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2317-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2317-18x12.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2317.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3921\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Simocyon batalleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Approche_moleculaire\"><\/span><strong>Molecular approach<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The first biochemical studies were carried out in the late 1960s, and the first molecular studies were carried out in the mid-1980s. During this period, the position of the red panda has evolved considerably among the arctoids (taxon grouping ursids, procyonids, mustelids, mepihtidae, pinnipeds and ailuridae). This is due to different major parameters such as the number of taxa used for analyses, or the number and diversity of genes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>These early biochemical and molecular studies showed a link between the red panda and the giant panda. It is true that the vernacular name \u201cpanda\u201d, derived from a Nepalese word meaning \u201cbamboo eater\u201d, and the geographic distribution of these animals tended to confirm this link.<\/p>\r\n<div id='gallery-4' class='gallery galleryid-434 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/img_2318\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2318-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"R\u00e9partition g\u00e9ographique du panda roux\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-3923\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2318-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2318-100x100.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2318-50x50.jpeg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-3923'>\n\t\t\t\tGeographic distribution of red panda       \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/le-panda-roux\/classification-phylogenetique\/img_2319\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2319-150x150.gif\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"R\u00e9partition g\u00e9ographique du panda rg\u00e9ant\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-3924\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2319-150x150.gif 150w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2319-100x100.gif 100w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2319-50x50.gif 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-3924'>\n\t\t\t\tGeographic distribution of giant panda      \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\r\n<p>In addition, at that time, the systematic position of the giant panda was also controversial. It was not until 1964 that he was assimilated to a bear. Moreover, until the late 1980s, studies compared the red panda only to the giant panda, a few bears, a few procyonids and a few other arctoids. From 1989, the scientists took into account many other Carnivora, making it possible to better define the classification. In 2000, thanks to their molecular analysis, Flynn and his colleagues establish that the taxon of Mustelo\u00efdea includes four families: mustelidae (otters, martens), procyonidae (raccoons), mephitidae (skunks) and ailuridae! For this study, they took into account all caniforms, that is, arctoids and canidae.<\/p>\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_3926\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3926\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2320.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3926\" src=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2320-300x260.jpeg\" alt=\"Arbre phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tique des caniformes\" width=\"300\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2320-300x260.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2320-14x12.jpeg 14w, https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/app\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_2320.jpeg 692w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3926\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phylogenetic tree of caniforms<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n<p>Thus, since its discovery in 1825, the red panda has continued to evolve in systematic classification. It was not until the beginning of the 21st century that paleontologists and molecular biologists agreed and granted it its special place. It is the only still living descendant of a family in its own right: the ailuridae. Its relationship with the giant panda is limited to its name. It is not uncommon for animal species to have the same name, such as the rhinoceros: a large herbivorous mammal and also a coleopterous insect. We can therefore conclude by answering our initial question: The red panda is closer to the raccoon!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les Chinois l\u2019appellent le \u00ab\u2009chat-ours\u2009\u00bb, les Anglais le \u00ab\u2009renard de feu\u2009\u00bb, ou encore le \u00ab\u2009raton laveur himalayen\u2009\u00bb. Les scientifiques qui l\u2019ont d\u00e9couvert en 1825 l\u2019ont nomm\u00e9 \u00ab\u2009Ailurus\u2009\u00bb, terme latin d\u00e9riv\u00e9 du grec \u00ab\u2009Ailuros\u2009\u00bb, qui signifie \u00ab\u2009balance-queue\u2009\u00bb et d\u00e9signe un chat. Pas \u00e9tonnant que le panda roux soit rest\u00e9 si \u00e9nigmatique pendant toutes ces ann\u00e9es ! [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3787,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-434","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=434"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3931,"href":"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/434\/revisions\/3931"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cppr-pandaroux.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}